Keymap
| Deskbar: | ||
| Locație: | /boot/system/preferences/Keymap | |
| Configurări: | ~/config/settings/Keymap/* - Locația hărților de tastatură modificate de utilizator. ~/config/settings/Key_map |
To the right, the Keymap window shows a representation of your keyboard. When you press a key, the corresponding key is darkened and the assigned symbol is entered into the Sample and Clipboard text field at the bottom. From there you can also copy and paste it into a document.
Thus, the Keymap preferences are not only for configuring your local keymap, but are also useful when looking for a special symbol used in other languages. For example, you can switch the keymap to "French", find the "ç" and copy it into your mail to François. (Though you'll find the "cedil" also in other keymaps…)
Pressing modifier keys like SHIFT, CONTROL or OPTION changes the displayed keyboard accordingly.
Then there are the keys that are marked with a blue background. These keys are called Dead Keys that can change the key you press after that. If you click on such a blue key with your mouse, those changeable keys light up yellow. Click again and everything's back to normal. Examples are é, ñ, ó or ë.
Mai jos de reprezentarea tastaturii există încă două opțiuni:
| pentru configurarea tastelor albastre sus menționate. | ||
| pentru utilizarea tastei de scurtătură în mod Windows/Linux, adică CONTROL (de obicei CTRL) sau mod Haiku, adică COMMAND (de obicei ALT). |
The lists on the left offer the available pre-configured keymaps of the system, and below that, if available, user-defined maps. You can change a keymap in the keyboard representation: drag & drop one key on another and they switch places.
You can also create an individual mapping by drag & dropping a character from another app onto the key. For example, you could extend your regular keymap with often used currency symbols. Just click on the CONTROL key and drag & drop the pound symbol from CharacterMap onto the 'P' key to get a ₤ when you press CTRL P.
By right-clicking a normal key, the context menu offers to its mapping. Modifier keys can have alternative mappings, like using CAPS LOCK as CTRL key:
Alternatively to this or drag & dropping of keys, there's the menu that opens this window:
Here, you can assign keys to their respective roles or even completely disable the role of a key. You can even assign the same key to different roles, though that's not a good idea most of the time and you'll be warned by a small exclamation mark beside the pop-up menus if you do that.
Pressing applies your changes and closes the window.
When you're done you can save the result from the menu . Your modified map will only appear in the user-defined list if it's stored in ~/config/settings/Keymap/. Otherwise you'll have to manually load it via
To better match the Keymap panel to your physical keyboard, there are several different settings available from the menu.
The font used in the keyboard representation is set from the menu. Note, that it may or may not contain all symbols for a specific keymap.
Finally, there's a button to bring back the settings that were active when you started the Keymap preferences.
Manipulare avansată a hărților de tastatură
There's another method to customize your keymap besides the Keymap preference panel. It involves editing a text file containing loads of hex values, which may appear daunting on first sight, but isn't really that impossible to grasp.
Puteți transfera harta de taste curentă cu o comandă în Terminal:
keymap -d > MyKeymap
The generated text file can then be opened in a text editor. Make sure to use a fixed font in that editor or you'll never grok that file…
At the beginning of that file, you'll find a legend of a stylized keyboard with the hex value corresponding to each key. Below that are the actual assignments of every value. You can do all the customizing that's also available from the Keymap preference panel, and then some. If you happen to have some special keys on your keyboard, you may be able to activate them. That is, use them as ordinary keys or like an option or control key. You won't be able to, for example, have your multimedia keys de/increase the volume or start some application. For this you can use the Shortcuts preferences.
Când ați terminat veți salva fișierul și spuneți sistemului să încarce harta de taste modificată cu această comandă:
keymap -s < MyKeymap
Dacă doriți să importați această hartă de taste în panoul Keymap, trebuie să o compilați mai întâi într-un format binar:
keymap -c < MyKeymap
Aceasta va produce un fișier keymap.out pe care puteți să îl încărcați în Keymap via meniul . Apropo, comanda keymap poate de asemenea să încarce acest format binar: keymap -l < keymap.out
Acesta este fișierul transferat (tastele cele mai din dreapta ale tastaturii stilizate sunt decupate pentru o afișare mai plăcută pe această pagină):
#!/bin/keymap -s
#
# Raw key numbering for 101 keyboard...
#
#
# [esc] [ f1] [ f2] [ f3] [ f4] [ f5] [ f6] [ f7] [ f8] [ f9] [f10] [f11] [f12]
# 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d
#
# [ ` ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 0 ] [ - ] [ = ] [bck]
# 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1a 0x1b 0x1c 0x1d 0x1e
#
# [tab] [ q ] [ w ] [ e ] [ r ] [ t ] [ y ] [ u ] [ i ] [ o ] [ p ] [ [ ] [ ] ] [ \\ ]
# 0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2a 0x2b 0x2c 0x2d 0x2e 0x2f 0x30 0x31 0x32 0x33
#
# [cap] [ a ] [ s ] [ d ] [ f ] [ g ] [ h ] [ j ] [ k ] [ l ] [ ; ] [ ' ] [ enter ]
# 0x3b 0x3c 0x3d 0x3e 0x3f 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 0x46 0x47
#
# [shift] [ z ] [ x ] [ c ] [ v ] [ b ] [ n ] [ m ] [ , ] [ . ] [ / ] [shift]
# 0x4b 0x4c 0x4d 0x4e 0x4f 0x50 0x51 0x52 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x56
#
# [ctr] [cmd] [ space ] [cmd] [ctr]
# 0x5c 0x5d 0x5e 0x5f 0x60
#
# NOTE: On a Microsoft Natural Keyboard:
# left option = 0x66
# right option = 0x67
# menu key = 0x68
# NOTE: On an Apple Extended Keyboard:
# left option = 0x66
# right option = 0x67
# keypad '=' = 0x6a
# power key = 0x6b
Version = 3
CapsLock = 0x3b
ScrollLock = 0x0f
NumLock = 0x22
LShift = 0x4b
RShift = 0x56
LCommand = 0x5d
RCommand = 0x60
LControl = 0x5c
RControl = 0x00
LOption = 0x66
ROption = 0x5f
Menu = 0x68
#
# Lock settings
# To set NumLock, do the following:
# LockSettings = NumLock
#
# To set everything, do the following:
# LockSettings = CapsLock NumLock ScrollLock
#
LockSettings =
# Legend:
# n = Normal
# s = Shift
# c = Control
# C = CapsLock
# o = Option
# Key n s c o os C Cs Co Cos
Key 0x00 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x01 = 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b 0x1b
Key 0x02 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x03 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x04 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x05 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x06 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x07 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x08 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x09 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0a = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0b = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0c = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0d = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0e = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x0f = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x10 = 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10 0x10
Key 0x11 = '^' 0xc2b0 '' ' ' '' '^' 0xc2b0 ' ' ''
Key 0x12 = '1' '!' '' ' ' '' '!' '1' ' ' ''
Key 0x13 = '2' '"' '' 0xc2b2 '' '"' '2' 0xc2b2 ''
Key 0x14 = '3' 0xc2a7 '' 0xc2b3 '' 0xc2a7 '3' 0xc2b3 ''
Key 0x15 = '4' '$' '' ' ' '' '$' '4' ' ' ''
Key 0x16 = '5' '%' '' ' ' '' '%' '5' ' ' ''
Key 0x17 = '6' '&' '' ' ' '' '&' '6' ' ' ''
Key 0x18 = '7' '/' '' '{' '' '/' '7' '{' ''
Key 0x19 = '8' '(' '' '[' '' '(' '8' '[' ''
Key 0x1a = '9' ')' '' ']' '' ')' '9' ']' ''
Key 0x1b = '0' '=' '' '}' '' '=' '0' '}' ''
Key 0x1c = 0xc39f '?' '' '\\\\' '' '?' 0xc39f '\\\\' ''
Key 0x1d = 0xc2b4 '`' '' ' ' '' 0xc2b4 '`' ' ' ''
Key 0x1e = 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08 0x08
Key 0x1f = 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05 0x05
Key 0x20 = 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01
Key 0x21 = 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b 0x0b
Key 0x22 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x23 = '/' '/' '/' '/' '/' '/' '/' '/' '/'
Key 0x24 = '*' '*' '*' '*' '*' '*' '*' '*' '*'
Key 0x25 = '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-'
Key 0x26 = 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09 0x09
Key 0x27 = 'q' 'Q' 0x11 '@' '' 'Q' 'q' '@' ''
Key 0x28 = 'w' 'W' 0x17 ' ' '' 'W' 'w' ' ' ''
Key 0x29 = 'e' 'E' 0x05 0xe282ac '' 'E' 'e' 0xe282ac ''
Key 0x2a = 'r' 'R' 0x12 ' ' '' 'R' 'r' ' ' ''
Key 0x2b = 't' 'T' 0x14 ' ' '' 'T' 't' ' ' ''
Key 0x2c = 'z' 'Z' 0x1a ' ' '' 'Z' 'z' ' ' ''
Key 0x2d = 'u' 'U' 0x15 ' ' '' 'U' 'u' ' ' ''
Key 0x2e = 'i' 'I' 0x09 ' ' '' 'I' 'i' ' ' ''
Key 0x2f = 'o' 'O' 0x0f ' ' '' 'O' 'o' ' ' ''
Key 0x30 = 'p' 'P' 0x10 ' ' '' 'P' 'p' ' ' ''
Key 0x31 = 0xc3bc 0xc39c 0x1b ' ' '' 0xc39c 0xc3bc ' ' ''
Key 0x32 = ' ' '*' 0x1d '~' '' '*' ' ' '~' ''
Key 0x33 = '#' '\\'' 0x1c ' ' '' '\\'' '#' ' ' ''
Key 0x34 = 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f 0x7f
Key 0x35 = 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04 0x04
Key 0x36 = 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c 0x0c
Key 0x37 = 0x01 '7' 0x01 0x01 '7' 0x01 '7' 0x01 '7'
Key 0x38 = 0x1e '8' 0x1e 0x1e '8' 0x1e '8' 0x1e '8'
Key 0x39 = 0x0b '9' 0x0b 0x0b '9' 0x0b '9' 0x0b '9'
Key 0x3a = ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
Key 0x3b = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x3c = 'a' 'A' 0x01 ' ' '' 'A' 'a' ' ' ''
Key 0x3d = 's' 'S' 0x13 ' ' '' 'S' 's' ' ' ''
Key 0x3e = 'd' 'D' 0x04 ' ' '' 'D' 'd' ' ' ''
Key 0x3f = 'f' 'F' 0x06 ' ' '' 'F' 'f' ' ' ''
Key 0x40 = 'g' 'G' 0x07 ' ' '' 'G' 'g' ' ' ''
Key 0x41 = 'h' 'H' 0x08 ' ' '' 'H' 'h' ' ' ''
Key 0x42 = 'j' 'J' 0x0a ' ' '' 'J' 'j' ' ' ''
Key 0x43 = 'k' 'K' 0x0b ' ' '' 'K' 'k' ' ' ''
Key 0x44 = 'l' 'L' 0x0c ' ' '' 'L' 'l' ' ' ''
Key 0x45 = 0xc3b6 0xc396 '' ' ' '' 0xc396 0xc3b6 ' ' ''
Key 0x46 = 0xc3a4 0xc384 '' ' ' '' 0xc384 0xc3a4 ' ' ''
Key 0x47 = 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a
Key 0x48 = 0x1c '4' 0x1c 0x1c '4' 0x1c '4' 0x1c '4'
Key 0x49 = '' '5' '' '' '5' '' '5' '' '5'
Key 0x4a = 0x1d '6' 0x1d 0x1d '6' 0x1d '6' 0x1d '6'
Key 0x4b = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x4c = 'y' 'Y' 0x19 ' ' '' 'Y' 'y' ' ' ''
Key 0x4d = 'x' 'X' 0x18 ' ' '' 'X' 'x' ' ' ''
Key 0x4e = 'c' 'C' 0x03 ' ' '' 'C' 'c' ' ' ''
Key 0x4f = 'v' 'V' 0x16 ' ' '' 'V' 'v' ' ' ''
Key 0x50 = 'b' 'B' 0x02 ' ' '' 'B' 'b' ' ' ''
Key 0x51 = 'n' 'N' 0x0e ' ' '' 'N' 'n' ' ' ''
Key 0x52 = 'm' 'M' 0x0d 0xc2b5 '' 'M' 'm' 0xc2b5 ''
Key 0x53 = ',' ';' ',' ' ' '' ';' ',' ' ' ''
Key 0x54 = '.' ':' '.' ' ' '' ':' '.' ' ' ''
Key 0x55 = '-' '_' '' ' ' '' '-' '_' ' ' ''
Key 0x56 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x57 = 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e 0x1e
Key 0x58 = 0x04 '1' 0x04 0x04 '1' 0x04 '1' 0x04 '1'
Key 0x59 = 0x1f '2' 0x1f 0x1f '2' 0x1f '2' 0x1f '2'
Key 0x5a = 0x0c '3' 0x0c 0x0c '3' 0x0c '3' 0x0c '3'
Key 0x5b = 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a 0x0a
Key 0x5c = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x5d = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x5e = ' ' ' ' 0x00 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
Key 0x5f = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x60 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x61 = 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c 0x1c
Key 0x62 = 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f 0x1f
Key 0x63 = 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d 0x1d
Key 0x64 = 0x05 '0' 0x05 0x05 '0' 0x05 '0' 0x05 '0'
Key 0x65 = 0x7f ',' 0x7f 0x7f ',' 0x7f ',' 0x7f ','
Key 0x66 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x67 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x68 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x69 = '<' '>' '' '|' '' '<' '>' '|' ''
Key 0x6a = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x6b = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x6c = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x6d = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x6e = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x6f = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x70 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x71 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x72 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x73 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x74 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x75 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x76 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x77 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x78 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x79 = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7a = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7b = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7c = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7d = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7e = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Key 0x7f = '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''
Acute ' ' = 0xc2b4
Acute 'A' = 0xc381
Acute 'E' = 0xc389
Acute 'I' = 0xc38d
Acute 'O' = 0xc393
Acute 'U' = 0xc39a
Acute 'Y' = 0xc39d
Acute 'a' = 0xc3a1
Acute 'e' = 0xc3a9
Acute 'i' = 0xc3ad
Acute 'o' = 0xc3b3
Acute 'u' = 0xc3ba
Acute 'y' = 0xc3bd
Acute '' = ''
Acute '' = ''
Acute '' = ''
AcuteTab = Normal Shift Option Option-Shift CapsLock CapsLock-Shift CapsLock-Option CapsLock-Option-Shift
Grave ' ' = '`'
Grave 'A' = 0xc380
Grave 'E' = 0xc388
Grave 'I' = 0xc38c
Grave 'O' = 0xc392
Grave 'U' = 0xc399
Grave 'a' = 0xc3a0
Grave 'e' = 0xc3a8
Grave 'i' = 0xc3ac
Grave 'o' = 0xc3b2
Grave 'u' = 0xc3b9
Grave '' = ''
Grave '' = ''
Grave '' = ''
Grave '' = ''
Grave '' = ''
GraveTab = Normal Shift Option Option-Shift CapsLock CapsLock-Shift CapsLock-Option CapsLock-Option-Shift
Circumflex ' ' = '^'
Circumflex 'A' = 0xc382
Circumflex 'E' = 0xc38a
Circumflex 'I' = 0xc38e
Circumflex 'O' = 0xc394
Circumflex 'U' = 0xc39b
Circumflex 'a' = 0xc3a2
Circumflex 'e' = 0xc3aa
Circumflex 'i' = 0xc3ae
Circumflex 'o' = 0xc3b4
Circumflex 'u' = 0xc3bb
Circumflex '' = ''
Circumflex '' = ''
Circumflex '' = ''
Circumflex '' = ''
Circumflex '' = ''
CircumflexTab = Normal Shift Option Option-Shift CapsLock CapsLock-Shift CapsLock-Option CapsLock-Option-Shift
Diaeresis ' ' = 0xc2a8
Diaeresis 'A' = 0xc384
Diaeresis 'E' = 0xc38b
Diaeresis 'I' = 0xc38f
Diaeresis 'O' = 0xc396
Diaeresis 'U' = 0xc39c
Diaeresis 'Y' = 0xc5b8
Diaeresis 'a' = 0xc3a4
Diaeresis 'e' = 0xc3ab
Diaeresis 'i' = 0xc3af
Diaeresis 'o' = 0xc3b6
Diaeresis 'u' = 0xc3bc
Diaeresis 'y' = 0xc3bf
Diaeresis '' = ''
Diaeresis '' = ''
Diaeresis '' = ''
DiaeresisTab = Normal Shift Option Option-Shift CapsLock CapsLock-Shift CapsLock-Option CapsLock-Option-Shift
Tilde ' ' = '~'
Tilde 'A' = 0xc383
Tilde 'O' = 0xc395
Tilde 'N' = 0xc391
Tilde 'a' = 0xc3a3
Tilde 'o' = 0xc3b5
Tilde 'n' = 0xc3b1
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
Tilde '' = ''
TildeTab = Normal Shift Option Option-Shift CapsLock CapsLock-Shift CapsLock-Option CapsLock-Option-Shift