Terminal

The Terminal is Haiku's interface to the shell, by default that's bash, the Bourne Again Shell.

Silakan merujuk ke topik tentang Scripting untuk beberapa tautan ke tutorial online tentang cara bekerja di shell dan lihat juga aplikasi commandline Haiku. Di sini, kita akan berkonsentrasi pada aplikasi Terminal itu sendiri.

Windows dan tab

You can open as many Terminals as needed, either each in its own window by simply launching more Terminals or with ALT N from an already running Terminal. Or you use Terminal's tabbed view and open more tabs with ALT T. You can switch to a specific tab with ALT and its number, e.g. ALT 2 switches to the second tab, ALT 4 to the fourth etc.

Double-clicking into the emtpy part of the tab bar opens a new tab; onto a tab opens a dialog to rename its title. There are several %-designated variables that are explained with a tooltip when you hover the mouse over the text field.
By default, %1d: %p, a tab shows the current directory and, separated by a :, the name of the currently running process (or -- if it's just bash running, probably idling). The screenshot above shows the first tab with a FTP session in the Desktop folder and a second tab idling at home.
Via Settings | Window title… the Terminal window's title can be edited in a similar way.

Right-clicking a tab shows a context menu to Close tab, Close other tabs or, like double-clicking, Edit tab title…

A Terminal window can be resized like any other window or you use the presets from the Settings | Window size menu. ALT ENTER toggles fullscreen mode.

All the settings you change directly through the Settings menu, like Window title, Window size, Text encoding or Font size are only kept for the current session. If you want to make permanent changes, you have to either invoke Save as default or apply them in the Settings… panel.

Settings

Settings | Settings… opens a panel to configure the standard settings of a Terminal.

Most of the offered settings speak for themselves. Not entirely obvious though, the font size is set in the submenu of the Font popup menu.
Hover your mouse over the "formulas" for naming tab and window titles to get tooltips for the available variables.

A few more options follow: you can have a Blinking cursor and choose to Allow bold text.
Use left Option as Meta key if you work with certain UNIX software that relies on accessing an extended portion of the ASCII character set, like e.g. GNU Emacs and the GNU readline library.
Activate the checkbox to Confirm exit if active programs exist and you'll be warned when trying to close a Terminal window while an app is still being executed.

Colors

Settings | Colors… opens a panel to configure the colors used by Terminal.

From the top menu, you can choose a pre-defined Color scheme like Midnight or Retro or create a Custom one by selecting the color you want to change (Text, Background, Cursor etc.) and then use the color picker below.

You can also configure "ANSI colors", which are the first 8 named colors in the color palette of terminal applications. You choose a color, for example "ANSI red color", and then adjust it with the color picker below. The effect is visible live in the open Terminal and in the preview below. The exact colors used in various places are documented at Wikipedia.

Pintasan Keyboard

You'll find a list of useful shortcuts in Shortcuts and key combinations.

Another nice feature that is more a key & mouse combination: When holding ALT a path or URL under the mouse pointer gets highlighted. A left-click opens the file/folder or website. A right-click opens a context menu to either Copy path or Copy absolute path. Imagine you're in /MyData/source/haiku/ and have the path generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit under the mouse pointer, the latter menu item will result in the combined, absolute path <deep breath>:
/MyData/source/haiku/generated/objects/haiku/x86_gcc2/release/apps/stylededit/StyledEdit.

If you hold down ALT SHIFT, only the path from beginning to where your mouse pointer sits will be highlighted.

By the way, right-clicking into the Terminal window will insert the clipboard. In combination with copying parts of highlighted paths, this can be used for speedy navigation of deep folder hierarchies.

Hints for working with the Terminal

• Dragging a file or folder from a Tracker window into the Terminal will insert its path at the location of the cursor. Dragging with the right mouse button offers additional actions in a context menu:

  Insert path		Inserts the location of the file, same as drag & dropping with the left mouse button.
  Change directory		Changes to the folder of the dragged file.
  Create link here		Creates a link to the dragged file in the current working directory of the Terminal.
  Move here		Moves the dragged file into the current working directory of the Terminal.
  Copy here		Copies the dragged file into the current working directory of the Terminal.

• You can open any file with its preferred application with the command open [filename]. This also works with the representation of the current (".") and parent ("..") folder which then open in a Tracker window. So, to open the current working directory, you type:

  open .

• If a command generates lots of output, things scroll by rapidly. Use a few of those commands and it gets difficult to scroll back and find the start of the last output. With Edit | Clear all or ALT L you can clear the scroll back buffer before issuing your command. Presto, a pristine empty scroll back buffer, you can just scroll back right to the top to catch the beginning of your output.

Bash customization

Coming from Unix, there are countless possibilities to customize the bash itself. There are two files that are especially important to the user: profile and inputrc
Both files can be created in the /boot/home/config/settings/ folder and add or override the system defaults that are defined in /boot/system/settings/etc/.

profile

The profile is loaded every time you open a new Terminal. It sets all kinds of aliases and variables that will affect bash's behavior and appearance. You'll find many online resources that will detail all possibilities.

The Haiku/BeOS Tip Server has quite a few tips to get you started, for example:

• Customize your Terminal prompt
• More prompt customizations
• Enhancing bash
• Custom keyboard shortcuts

There are more, have a look.

inputrc

The inputrc deals with keybindings. Since Haiku provides useful defaults, you probably don't have to mess with these more involved settings. If you do have special needs here, consult one of the many online resources, e.g. The GNU Readline Library.