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Index
BeOS bitmap vs. Haiku vector icons
Pictogramele sunt atribute
Crearea de pictograme cu Icon-O-Matic
Cale
Formă
Stil
Transformer
Salvarea ca pictogramă
Sfaturi & Trucuri

icon-o-matic-icon_64.pngIcon-O-Matic

Deskbar:Aplicații
Locație:/boot/system/apps/Icon-O-Matic
Configurări:~/config/settings/Icon-O-Matic


Înainte să ajungem efectiv să creăm pictograme în Icon-O-Matic, iată câteva cuvinte cu privire la pictogramele Haiku în general.

index BeOS bitmap vs. Haiku vector icons

Contrary to the BeOS, Haiku uses vector icons instead of bitmap icons. A special Haiku Vector Icon Format (HVIF) was developed that is highly optimized for small file sizes and fast rendering. That's why our icons are for the most part much smaller than either a bitmap or the widely used SVG format. Also, unlike BeOS' bitmap icons, Haiku isn't limited to an 8bit palette (256 colors).
Take this icon of the Terminal, for example:

BitmapSVGHVIF
i-o-m-terminal-bitmap32 i-o-m-terminal-bitmap16terminal-icon_32terminal-icon_32
1,024 byte
+ 256 byte
7,192 byte 768 byte

Observați că BeOS utiliza două versiuni ale unei pictograme, una 16x16 și una 32x32, pentru a obține efecte vizuale bune în modul listă și vizualizare pictogramă.

This trick isn't needed with vector icons. Besides only taking up a few hundred bytes in a file, vector icons also scale much better than bitmaps. (Note: BeOS offered only a 16x16 and 32x32 display.)

16x1632x3264x64128x128
Bitmap i-o-m-bitmap16 i-o-m-bitmap32 i-o-m-bitmap64 i-o-m-bitmap128
Vector i-o-m-vector16 i-o-m-vector32 i-o-m-vector64 i-o-m-vector128

index Pictogramele sunt atribute

Icons are stored as an attribute with their file. However, that doesn't mean that every file has to have this attribute to appear with an icon in a Tracker window: data files inherit their icon from their filetype. To globally change the filetype's icon you use the FileTypes preferences. If you only want to add a special icon to an individual file, you use the FileType add-on on it instead. See topic Filetypes for more information.

Being an attribute, it follows that only filesystems supporting metadata can retain a file's individual icon. So, if you move files off your BFS volume, consider zipping them up so you don't lose icons or other attributes.

index Crearea de pictograme cu Icon-O-Matic

Icon-O-Matic is Haiku's icon editor that can save your work as HVIF, SVG or PNG. The icon can also be directly attached as attribute to an existing file or exported as a resource or source file used by developers. Since the application was tailored to the optimized HVIF format, its usage reflects the inner workings of this format.

Other than your normal vector graphics software, you don't deal with separate objects that each include all their specific properties like path, stroke width, stroke and fill color etc. Rather, you assemble your objects ("shapes") from shared paths and colors ("styles") and set certain properties. This re-using of elements is one secret of HVIF's efficiency. Although that imposes some constraints on the icon designer, there are a few advantages, too.
For example, by re-using a path, several objects can be modified together by manipulating this one path. Think of an object and its shadow. Modifying their shared path will change the object itself and automatically its (maybe slightly distorted/translated) shadow.

Here's a quick overview of Icon-O-Matic's window:

i-o-m-overview.png

To create any visible object on the canvas, you need a shape with a path and a style. Conveniently, you can create one, two or all three of those together from the Shape menu. Every kind of object (Paths, Shapes, Transformers, and Styles) has a menu above its list of elements, offering various commands. Every element has certain options that are set in the Properties view.

index Traseu

A path consists of several points which are connected with lines or Bezier curves. To add or change points, make sure the path is selected in the path list.

Simply clicking in the canvas will set the first point. While setting a point, you decide if the resulting line will be straight or curved: a simple click and release produces a straight line, holding down the mouse button and moving the mouse will drag out the handles for a Bezier curve. Of course, you can also change it all later on.

i-o-m-path-ab

To get from "A" to "B", you have to transform some points from corner-points to curve-points. That's done by holding ALT while clicking on a point and dragging out the handles. This results in a symmetrical Bezier: the second handle follows the movement of the other. If you need to move the handles independently, again click & drag on a Bezier handle while holding ALT.
Vice versa, to go from Bezier to a corner-point, hold ALT and click on a point.

To move a point, simply click & drag it. To select more than one point, hold down SHIFT and draw a selection rectangle. Selected points are marked with a red border instead of the usual black.
To insert a point into a path you click on the connecting line between two points.
Selected points are deleted by pressing DEL or by clicking on any point while holding CTRL.

Cursorul mouseului indică modul curent:

i-o-m-pointer-move-path i-o-m-pointer-insert i-o-m-pointer-add i-o-m-pointer-delete i-o-m-pointer-bezier i-o-m-pointer-select
Mută punctul(ele) Inserează punct Adaugă punct Șterge punct
CTRL
Colț↔Bezier
ALT
Selectează puncte
SHIFT

Puteți invoca un meniu contextual prin clic dreapta pe un punct sau o selecție de puncte:

Selectează totALT ASelectează toate punctele traseului curent.
TransformăTAdaugă toate punctele selectate într-o cutie de transformare, deci puteți să le mutați, redimensionați și rotați împreună. Funcționează exact ca formele, descrise puțin mai jos.
ÎmparteÎmparte punctele selectate în două, unul stă deasupra celuilalt.
InverseazăRotește punctele selectate cu 180°. Are efect doar pentru punctele Bezier.
EliminăDELȘterge punctele selectate.

Meniu traseu

The Path menu offers a few obvious entries to Add rectangle and Add circle or to Duplicate or Remove a path. Here are some that may need a bit more explaining:

InverseazăIf your path isn't "closed" (see Path Properties below), a click into the canvas always creates a new point, connecting it with the last one. "Reverse" will reverse this order and your new point will connect to original start point instead.
Clean upMost useful with imported SVGs, this function will remove redundant points.
Rotate indices rightALT RPractically, this rotates the opening of a path. It's best seen when using a not-closed path with a style and a shape with a stroke transformer. Now, if your path looks like a ⊂ it will rotate like this: ⊂ ∩ ⊃ ∪.
Rotate indices leftALT SHIFT RDoes the same in the other direction.

Proprietăți traseu

Properties at the bottom left of the window offers all available settings of the currently selected object. A path only has two: a Name and if it's Closed or not.

index Formă

A shape groups together one or more paths with a style. Practically, it's the object that you'll actually see on the canvas. The grouping is done with the checkboxes in front of the paths and styles: Just select your shape and tick off the desired path(s) and a style.

A shape defines how a path and style is applied, e.g. if the object is filled or only stroked (which is done by using Transformers on the shape, we'll get to that later). Also, a shape can be moved, rotated or resized without touching the used path. That way, you can re-use a single path and get different, but related, shapes.

i-o-m-shape

When a shape is selected from the list, a rectangle is drawn around it. Depending on where exactly you grab it, the shape is moved, resized or rotated around a point in its center, which itself can be moved. Holding SHIFT will lock direction when moving, limit rotating to 45° angles and restrict the aspect ratio while resizing. The mouse pointer again indicates the current mode:

i-o-m- move-shape i-o-m-pointer-resize i-o-m-pointer-rotate i-o-m-pointer-move-rotation
Mutare Redimensionare Rotire Mutare
punct de rotație

Shapes lie on top of each other, each is on its own layer, if you will. To reorder them you drag & drop their entry to a different position in the list.

Meniu formă

The Shape menu offers the before mentioned possibility to Add empty, with path/style/path & style and to Duplicate or Remove a shape.

With Add reference image you can create a special kind of shape. It lets you load any bitmap image (e.g. PNG or JPEG) to use as a background while working on the icon. Very handy when creating a vector version of an existing bitmap icon, for example. The reference image can be manipulated like any other shape (moved, rotated, resized), but will not be part of the icon when saved as HVIF.

Then there is:

Reset transformationReverts all the move, resize and rotate transformations you have applied to the shape.
Freeze transformationWhen you transform a shape, its assigned path(s) stay in their original position. This may be intended; maybe more than one shape is using that path, maybe you intentionally used Options | Snap to grid to set the points at precise pixel borders.
If not, "Freeze transformation" will apply the current shape transformation to the assigned path(s). A future "Reset Transformation" will then return to this new state.

Proprietăți formă

Besides a Name, the Properties view for a shape has these options:

LOD minNivel de detaliu minim
LOD maxNivel de detaliu maxim

Reference images have instead an Alpha value to set their transparency (0-255).

Nivel de detaliu (LOD)
16x1632x3264x64
i-o-m-lod-icon_16 i-o-m-lod-icon_32 i-o-m-lod-icon_64

See how there are no numbers in the 16px version of the BeVexed icon? That's done with the "Level of Detail" setting of their shapes.
With the LOD you control the visibility of a shape depending on its size. That way, you can leave away details of an icon that look good on a bigger icon, but maybe not so much on its smaller version.

This is how it works: A LOD of 1.0 is defined as a 64px icon size. To get the LOD of a particular icon size you simply divide it by 64, e.g. a 16px icon has a LOD of 16/64 = 0.25. A shape won't be visible below its Min LOD and above its Max LOD.

So, if you set a shape's Min LOD to 0.0 and the Max LOD to 0.5, this means that the shape will only be visible for icon sizes smaller or equal to 32px. If you wanted to exclude the 32px icon size, you'd have to stay below 0.5, say 0.49.

The LOD is not only for leaving out detailing shapes, but also to e.g. change the stroke width at different sizes, if you feel that's needed. Simply duplicate a shape, make your changes and set both of their LOD settings to show either one or the other. Here lies the only source of potential confusion, when you unwittingly overlap LODs of shapes, and wonder why at some size both are visible…
For example, if Shape 1 were to be shown below 48px and Shape 2 from 48px upward (LOD: 48/64 = 0.75):

CorectNu e corect!
Forma 1LOD min0.00LOD min0.00
LOD max0.74LOD max0.75
Forma 2LOD min0.75LOD min0.75
LOD max4.00LOD max4.00

index Stil

A style can either be a solid color or some type of gradient.
Besides the predefined colors under Swatches, you can mix your own by clicking on the current color. Also, note the slider under the color spectrum which sets the alpha-channel (transparency).

i-o-m-gradients

You quickly create a new style by mixing your color and simply drag & dropping it into the list of styles.

If you go for a gradient, you set the type (Linear, Radial, Diamond, Cone) and then define the start and end colors. This is done with a drag & drop from a color bucket into the respective color indicator under the gradient.
Of course you can move these indicators to change the gradient to your liking. You can also insert more indicators to add more colors by double-clicking into the gradient. Pressing DEL removes the selected indicator.

You can move, resize and rotate the representing box of a gradient on the canvas until it fits your needs. This works just like with shapes.

Meniu stil

The Style menu offers the usual entries to Add, Duplicate or Remove a style and to Reset transformation.

Proprietăți stil

The Name is the only Properties of a style.

index Transformer

A shape can have Transformers which change its appearance. The effects, however, are more subtle than a truck turning into a battle robot…

Transformer Add menu

ConturAdds an outline to a shape.
TușăStrokes the path of a shape instead of filling it with a style.
PerspectiveAllows to individually move the four corners of the shape to create the effect of perspective.

Depending on the kind of Transformer, you'll get a different set of properties.

Proprietăți transformator

Besides a Name the Properties view has these (depending on its type slightly differing) options:

WidthThe width of Stroke or Contour.
CapsStroke only. Defines the end caps of a line: Butt, Square or Round.
Detect orient.Contour only. Determines if the contour is to the inside or outside the path.
JoinsDefines how lines are joined at a point: Miter, Round or Bevel.
Miter limitOnly when the above Joins is set to "Miter" this setting influences the looks of the miter joint.

index Salvarea unei pictograme

There's your usual menu bar at the top, File, Edit, Options. The usage is pretty much self-explaining, so we'll only look at how to save your work.

File | Save as… will save in a special Icon-O-Matic format that retains additional information like the names of paths, shapes and styles. These will be stripped from the actual icon once you export it to save space. It's a good idea to back-up your work like this, because without named objects everything's named "<path>/<shape>/<style>" which makes specific changes tedious.

File | Export as… opens a familiar save panel with a file format pop-up menu at the bottom, offering these choices:

HVIFHaiku Vector Icon Format
HVIF RDefSaves as resource used by programmers
Cod sursă HVIFSaves as source code used by programmers
SVGSaves as SVG
PNGSaves as a 64px sized PNG
Set PNGSaves as 16, 32 and 64px sized PNGs
Atribut BEOS:ICONChoose a file and set its icon attribute directly
Atribut META:ICONChoose a file and attach the icon as mere meta data

index Sfaturi & Trucuri

A few things you should keep in mind when working with Icon-O-Matic and some general tips for its usage: